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The sprinkler system is the most common water-based built-in fire extinguisher. Its function is to extinguish or control the fire during the initial phase, without human intervention. Water is the most commonly used extinguishing agent. Its high thermal capacity, non-flammability, high heat of vaporization and general availability make it suitable for fire fighting. The benefits of water extinguishing include the relatively low cost and the ease of access. The sprinkler system is a specially dimensioned and hydraulically designed equipment in which the nozzles are distributed in the area to be protected in a way that the spray pattern of the sprinkler heads covers the entire area and in the event of fire they are supplied with sufficient water and pressure.

Gas extinguishing is a commonly used fire protection solution. Its advantages include simple design, low maintenance, cleanliness, dirt-free application. Gas extinguishing is predominant in applications where, for some special reason, water based extinguishing agents are not applicable due to the nature of the object or technology to be protected. Such areas include, for example, high-value electrical with complex structures, computer centres that operate important databases, electrical switchgear, industrial control and management centres, aircraft engines, etc.

Atomizing water into micrometre drops favourably influences the energy conversion efficiency of heat transfer and hence the extinguishing process. The use of water mist can significantly reduce the amount of water needed for extinguishing, close to the theoretical fire water requirement. It is primarily used to extinguish surface fires of solids. Deep-burnt, smouldering materials can be extinguished using particles introduced with high energy. It has the advantages of very good energy conversion efficiency, low extinguishing agent requirement and minimal water damage.